^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Friedman, Norman (1995).Navy Department, Naval History & Heritage Command. Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History. ^ a b c d e f g h i Friedman, Norman (1995).^ a b "Japanese Naval and Merchant Shipping Losses During World War II by All Causes".Archived from the original on 9 April 2008. "Results of the German and American Submarine Campaigns of World War II". ^ Poirier, Michel Thomas (20 October 1999).North Atlantic run: the Royal Canadian Navy and the battle for the convoys. decision to conduct unrestricted submarine warfare. ^ a b c d e Holwitt, Joel Ira (1 April 2009).The Japanese merchant marine in World War II. Top-scoring American submarines of World War II by ships sunk Seventeen ships were Gato-class, four were Balao-class and three were Tambor-class. The other submarines sank from 23 ( Silversides) to 14 ( Kingfish) ships. The Tautog sank the second most, with 26. (93,824 tons and 24 ships) In 1980, the relevant JANAC section was officially replaced and updated. Its tonnage was revised from the Joint Army–Navy Assessment Committee (JANAC) report, which initially credited Tang with fewer sinkings. With 33 ships sunk, the USS Tang sank the most tonnage of shipping in World War II for the United States. Top-scoring American submarines of World War II by tonnage sunk Fourteen of the submarines were Gato-class, six were Balao-class, four were Tambor-class and one was Sargo-class. All 23 other submarines sank between 99,901 ( USS Rasher) and 59,800 ( USS Archerfish) tons. The Tang sank more than 16,000 tons over the second highest submarine, the USS Flasher (100,231). With 116,454 tons sunk, the USS Tang sank the most tonnage of shipping in World War II for the United States. The ships scored several hits, but a lack of targets led to them being returned to the United States. The squadron was present in several invasions, and hunted blockade runners, first off of Spain and later Norway. Submarine Squadron 50, formed in 1942, served in the European Theater. Starting in 1941, submarines patrolled the American Theater, hunting German U-boats and protecting shipping lanes. The war against shipping was the single most decisive factor in the collapse of the Japanese economy, and the Cabinet of Japan reported to the National Diet after the war that “the greatest cause of defeat was the loss of shipping.” The submarines were so successful that by early 1944, they struggled to find targets. Navy submarines also conducted reconnaissance patrols, landed special forces and guerrilla troops and performed search and rescue tasks. This made restrictions on submarines effectively moot. It did not prohibit arming merchantmen, but arming them, or having them report contact with submarines (or raiders), made them de facto naval auxiliaries and removed the protection of the cruiser rules. was signatory, required submarines to abide by prize rules (commonly known as "cruiser rules"). The London Naval Treaty, to which the U.S. Submarine warfare began on 7 December 1941, when the Chief of Naval Operations ordered the navy to "execute unrestricted air and submarine warfare against Japan." It appears the policy was executed without the knowledge or prior consent of the government. By the end of the war, in August 1945, the capacity was two million, with only 320,000 in condition to carry cargo. At the beginning of the war, Japanese merchant ships had a carrying capacity of around six million tons. Submarines were responsible for laying 18,553 mines. Submarines in the United States Navy were responsible for sinking 540,192 tons or 30% of the Japanese navy and 4,779,902 tons of shipping, or 54.6% of all Japanese shipping in the Pacific Theater. Overall, 263 US submarines undertook war patrols, claiming 1,392 ships and 5,583,400 tons during the war. In World War II, the United States Navy used submarines heavily. Size of the Japanese merchant fleet during World War II (all figures in tons) Date
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